Blog
A deep-dive into a variety of pension topics to help you understand and learn more about your pension and the Scheme.
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16/7/2024
Editorial
<p>Maternity, paternity, and adoption leave, as well as part-time working, can ultimately impact your pension contributions and pension benefits you receive. Here’s a straightforward guide to what you need to know.</p><p><strong>Maternity pay and leave</strong></p><p>You are entitled to statutory maternity pay if you:</p><ul><li>have worked for your employer for 26 weeks when you reach the 15th week before your due date, and</li></ul><ul><li>earn on average at least £123 per week.</li></ul><p>You’ll be entitled to 52 weeks statutory maternity leave and receive statutory maternity pay for 39 weeks. For the first six weeks, you’ll get 90% of your average weekly earnings. For the next 33 weeks, you receive 90% of your weekly earnings, or £151.20 a week, whichever is lowest. The remaining 13 weeks are unpaid. These are your statutory rights, but your employer may have a different policy.</p><p>Usually, the earliest your paid maternity leave can start is the 11th week before your baby is due. If your baby is born early, your leave starts the day after the birth.</p><p>You don’t have to take the 52 weeks you’re entitled to, but you must take at least two weeks off work following the birth.</p><p><strong>Paternity leave</strong></p><p>Under the same rules as statutory maternity pay, you are entitled to two weeks’ statutory paternity pay. The weekly rate is £184.03 or 90% of your average weekly earnings, whichever is lower.</p><p><strong>Adoption leave</strong></p><p>If you’re adopting or having a child through surrogacy, you’re usually entitled to paid time off work. This is subject to the same rules and requirements (as above) for maternity pay and the pay structure is identical.</p><p>If you’re adopting as a couple, only one person can get adoption leave. The other might be able to get paternity leave or shared parental leave.</p><p><strong>Shared parental leave</strong></p><p>Alternatively, you and your partner may be able to get shared parental leave and statutory shared parental pay. You can share up to 50 weeks of leave and up to 37 weeks of pay between you.</p><p><strong>Your pension during family leave </strong></p><p>Your pension Scheme membership will be continuous while you are off, unless you have an agreement with your employer for this to be different. Your pension contributions may change during family leave, because pension contributions are calculated using a percentage of your earnings.</p><p>If your pay reduces to nil, then your contributions will stop. Your employer may continue to pay them on your behalf, but you may have to pay these back once you return to work.</p><p>While you’re on family leave, your pension benefits won’t be affected (as long as you haven’t opted out and contributions are paid) and your overall benefits will still be based on your final average pay.</p><p>For more information, check the <a target="_blank" href="https://cdn3.railpen.com/mp-sitefinity-prod/docs/default-source/rayn/guides-for-active-(contributing)-members/guide-for-family-leave.pdf?sfvrsn=9db485ae_12">family leave guide</a>.</p><p><strong>The gender pension gap</strong></p><p>The career breaks women take to care for their families’ amount to £39,000 in lost pension savings, according to NOW: Pensions’ 2024 gender pensions gap <a href="https://www.nowpensions.com/app/uploads/2024/02/gender-pensions-gap-report-24.pdf" data-sf-ec-immutable="" target="_blank">report</a>. This is because, in many cases, women pause their careers or go part-time to care for their children (this is also known as the ‘motherhood penalty’).</p><p>The 2023 Women and Retirement <a href="https://adviser.scottishwidows.co.uk/assets/literature/docs/61096.pdf" data-sf-ec-immutable="" target="_blank">report</a>, produced by Scottish Widows, shows that 44% of UK mothers spend all 5 working days looking after their children (compared to just 16% of fathers). Some women consider having a longer career break, doing part-time work, freelancing or taking on multiple jobs. However, this means that many women might not be earning enough to pay into a private or workplace pension. People in the UK need to earn at least £10,000 a year in order to meet the criteria for pension<a href="https://www.moneyhelper.org.uk/en/pensions-and-retirement/auto-enrolment/automatic-enrolment-an-introduction" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""> </a><a href="https://www.moneyhelper.org.uk/en/pensions-and-retirement/auto-enrolment/automatic-enrolment-an-introduction" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable="">auto enrolment</a>.</p><p>The 2024 gender pensions gap report also shows that women are far more likely to take time out of work to care for an elderly or sick family member.</p><p>What is more, the fact that they’ll have worked less years throughout their life could also disqualify them from receiving a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/new-state-pension" data-sf-ec-immutable="">State Pension</a>. To get any State Pension, people in the UK are required to have worked for 10 qualifying years. To get the full State Pension, 35 qualifying years of work are required. The 2023 Women and Retirement report also says that often women take around 10-year career gap to shoulder caring responsibilities which poses a real risk of not qualifying for any state pension further down the line. You can check your <a href="https://www.gov.uk/check-state-pension" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable="">State Pension forecast</a> on the government’s website.</p><p><strong>Working part-time</strong></p><p>Many parents, especially mothers, choose to work part-time to balance work and family. While this offers flexibility, it affects your pension.</p><p>If your working hours change it’s likely your wages will too. That means how much you pay into your pension may also change. The amount that you pay into your pension is worked out using your full-time rate of <a href="/knowledge-hub/help-and-support/glossary">Section Pay </a>for your job, but is reduced for the hours you work.</p><p>If you go part-time then you’re still entitled to the same range of benefits as your full-time colleagues. However, the amount you pay in and the amount you receive will be based on the part-time hours you work. You can find out more in the <a target="_blank" href="https://cdn3.railpen.com/mp-sitefinity-prod/docs/default-source/rayn/guides-for-active-(contributing)-members/guide-to-part-time-work166beabb5d844e31a0839a6ff1bb075b.pdf?sfvrsn=4d5472da_9">guide to part-time work</a>.</p><p><strong>The gender pay gap</strong></p><p>The gender pay gap – the difference between the earnings of men and women – is deemed one of the major drivers of the pension gap. Women have been earning (and still earn) less than men on average, although <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/genderpaygapintheuk/2023" data-sf-ec-immutable="">2023 figures</a> show a narrowing of this gap over time. In April 2023, women earned an average of 7.7% less than men per hour according to the ONS.</p><p>The significant gap in income means women have less capacity to meet increasing financial demands. The 2023 Women and Retirement report, by Scottish Widows suggests that on average, women are paid 15% less per hour across all jobs in the UK. The report also highlights that only 59% of women aged 22-65 are saving into a private pension, compared to 71% of men, while 62% of men are also expecting to be able to draw from other long-term savings sources in retirement, compared to just 50% of women.</p><p>It’s not all doom and gloom for women, though. The 2024 pension gap report shows a positive tendency of more women undertaking higher education, and therefore entering the workforce with higher salaries. If the trend continues, the gender pay gap is likely to reduce further over the coming years, as more young women go on higher education. This could mean better retirement outcomes too.</p><p><strong>What to do make the most of your pension with the Scheme</strong></p><ul><li>Make sure you register for a myRPS account so you can take advantage of all the guidance and pension planning tools available to help you prepare for retirement. <a href="/login">Register and/or log in</a> and check your account today.</li><li>Don’t forget your national insurance credits. Many benefits, including child benefits, automatically give you NI credit. Some women don’t sign up for child benefit because if their partner earns over £50,000 they would have to start paying it back. But you don’t need to actually receive the cash – you can just sign up to ensure your NI record and then your State Pension will be protected.</li><li>You could consider extending your working life. Your Railways Pension Scheme pension will offer you a Normal Retirement Age (NRA) but normally you can work and remain a member beyond this date. <a href="/login">Log in to your myRPS</a> account to check what your NRA is.</li><li>Putting in a small, extra regular amount now into AVCs (Additional Voluntary Contributions), could go a long way towards a better future. You can put as little as £2 extra per week. This means you make the most of the valuable tax relief you get and the longer you have your money invested, the more chance it has to grow. If you’re a DB member of the RPS, the main AVC scheme is called <a href="/defined-benefit-members/saving-more-BRASS-AVC-Extra/saving-more-with-BRASS">BRASS</a>. For IWDC members, you can <a href="/iwdc-members/Im-still-working/saving-more">save more with AVCs</a>.</li><li>If you’ve had a number of different jobs, don’t forget to check that you’ve kept track of all your past pension schemes. The Pension Tracing Service is free and can help you find a pension you’ve lost. Go to <a href="https://www.gov.uk/find-pension-contact-details" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable="">gov.uk/find-pension-contact-details</a> and follow the online steps.</li></ul>
The impact of parenthood on your pension
Most parents would agree that when it comes to raising children, the days are long but the years are short. That’s why it’s important to consider your pension when making decisions about family leave and your working hours.
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